Important Battles Fought in India - Indian history

Battle of Kalinga 261 B.C.-

1. The Kalinga War was fought in what is now India between the Maurya Empire under Ashoka and the state of Kalinga
2. Kalinga is an ancient name of coastal Orissa.

Battle of Tarain or Thaneswar

The Battles of Tarain, also known as the Battles of Taraori, were fought in 1191 and 1192 near the town of Tarain (Taraori), near Thanesar in present-day Haryana, approximately 150 kilometres north of Delhi, India, between a Ghurid force led by Mu'izz al-Din or Mohd. Ghori and a Chauhan Rajput army led by Prithviraj Chauhan.

1. First Battle - 1191 Prithvi Raj Chauhan defeated Mohammed Ghori.
2. Second Battle - 1192 Mohammed Ghori defeated Prithvi Raj Chauhan.
3. The third battle of Tarain -1216 Shamshuddin Iltutmish (1211-1236), the king of the Mamluk dynasty, also known as Slave dynasty, captured Taj al-Din Yildiz in a battle at Tarain and then executed him at Budaun in the same year.

First Battle of Panipat

The First Battle of Panipat, on 21 April 1526, was fought between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi Kingdom. It took place in north India and marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire. This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowder firearms and field artillery in the Indian subcontinent which were introduced by Mughals in this battle.Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi.

Battle of Khanwah - 1527

• The Battle of Khanwa was fought between the invading forces of the first Mughal Emperor Babur and the Rajput forces led by Rana Sanga of Mewar, after the Battle of Panipat.

Battle of Chanderi  - 1528

• Upon reaching Chanderi, on January 20, 1528, Babur offered Shamsabad to Medini Rao in exchange for Chanderi as a peace overture, but the offer was rejected by Rao. The outer fortress of Chanderi was taken by Babur's army at night, and the next morning the upper fort was captured. Babur himself expressed surprise that the upper fort had fallen within an hour of the final assault.
• Medini Rai organized the Jauhar ceremony during which women and children within the fortress were killed.A small number of soldiers also collected in Medini Rao's house and proceeded to slay each other in collective suicide.

Battle of Ghaghra - 1529

• The Battle of Ghaghra, fought in 1529, was a major battle for the conquest of India by the Mughal Empire.

Battle of Chausa  - 1539

• The Battle of Chausa was a notable military engagement between the Mughal emperor, Humayun, and the Afghan, Sher Shah Suri. It was fought on 26 June 1539 at Chausa, 10 miles southwest of Buxar in modern-day Bihar, India. Sher Shah was victorious and crowned himself Farīd al-Dīn Shēr Shah

Battle of Kannauj - 1540

• This battle was fought in 1540. Both sides consolidated their forces. Both the armies met at Kannauj. This battle ended the Mughal Empire. In the battle of Kannauj the Afghan soliders were able to run away the Mughal army.

Battle of Tughlaqabad (Battle of Delhi) - 1556

• The Battle of Tughlaqabad was a notable battle fought between Hemu, the general and chief minister of Adil Shah Suri, and the forces of the Mughal led by Tardi Beg Khan at Tughlaqabad near Delhi.
• The battle ended in a decisive victory for Hemu who took possession of Delhi and claimed royal status, assuming the title of "Raja Vikramaditya"

Second Battle of Panipat - 1556

• The Second Battle of Panipat was fought on November 5, 1556, between the forces of Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the Hindu king at Delhi and forces of Muslim invader Akbar.

Battle of Talikota - 1565

• United alliance between Bijapur, Bidar, Ahmednagar and Golkonda under Hussain Nizam Shah defeated Ram Raja of Vijayanagar.
• It destroyed the Hindu Kingdom of Vijayanagar.

Name of Battle	Date	Place	Winner	Loser	Effect
Battle of Tarain	1191	Tarain	Prithvi Raj of Chauhan Dynasty	Muhammad of Ghor	-
Second Battle of Tarain	1192	Tarain	Muhammad of Ghor	Prithvi Raj of Chauhan Dynasty	Mohammad got the opportunity to enter Indian lands.
Battle of Chandawar	1194	Chandawar	Muhammad of Ghor	Jaichandra, King of Kanauj	Mohammad further extended his empire in India by defeating a large kingdom.
Battle of Panipat	(11-April-1526)	Panipat	Babur	Sultan Ibrahim Lodhi	By this victory Babur got opportunity to expand his small principality into big empire
Battle of Khanwa	17-March-1527	Khanwa	Babur	Rajputs under Rana Sanga
Battle of Chanderi	(1528)	Chanderi	Babur	Medini Rai of Chanderi	-
Battle of Ghagra or Gogara	(6-May-1529)	Ghagra	Babur	Afghans	Afghans are defeated
Battle of Chausa	(7-June-1539)	Chausa	Shershah	Humayun	-
Battle of Kanauj	(17-May-1540)	Kanauj	Shershah	Humayun	Agra was occupied by Sher shah
Battle for Tughlaqabad (1556)	7 October 1556	Tughlaqabad Fort Area - Delhi	Hemu	Akbar	Hemu defeated the forces of Akbar and got title 'Vikramaditya', of North India.
Second Battle of Panipat	(5-November-1556)	Panipat	Akbar	Hemu	Akbar reoccupied Delhi.
Battle of Bannihatti or Tallikota	(23-January-1565)	Tallikota	Ali adilshah and four others	Aliya Rama Raya	Vijayanagara empire starts declining
Battle of Haldighati	(1576)	Haldighati	Raja Man Singh(General of Mughal emperor Akbar)	Rana Pratap Singh of Mewar
First Carnatic	(1745–48)	Carnatic region of South India	French East India Company	British East India Company
Second Carnatic War	(1749–54)	Carnatic region of South India	British East India Company	French East India Company	French loss their expanding opportunities. Continued as trading community in India.
Third Carnatic War	(1756–63)	Carnatic region of South India	British East India Company	French East India Company	-
Battle of Plassey	(June-1757)	Plassey	British under Clive	Siraj ud-Daulah	British win a major battle in India and later they ruled India.
Battle of Buxar	(1764)	Buxar	Sir Hector Munro commander of British forces	Shuja-ud-Daula Nawab Mir Qasim Shah Alam II, 1790s

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Static Awareness Question for Banking Exams

Q1. International cricket Council(ICC) Headquarters is at-
(a) Dubai, UAE
(b) Zurich, Switzerland
(c) Gland, Switzerland
(d) Sydney, Australia
(e) Londan, England

S1. Ans.(a)


Q2. Visakhapatnam port was in news recently is located in which of the following State...
(a) Karnataka
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Gujarat
(d) Andhara Pardesh
(e) Odisha

S2. Ans.(d)


Q3. Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development is the prestigious award accorded annually by India to individuals or organizations in recognition of creative efforts toward promoting…
(a) International Stability
(b) International Peace
(c) International relations
(d) United Nation Childrens education Fund
(e) Global Prevention of crimes

S3. Ans.(b)


Q4. Krishnarajasagar dam built across Kaveri River in which of the following state ?
(a) Uttarakhand
(b) Arunachal Pradesh
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Karnataka
(e) Kerala

S4. Ans.(d)


Q5. World Economic Forum's headquarter is located at-
(a) Netherlands
(b) Switzerland
(c) Greece
(d) France
(e) Berlin

S5. Ans.(b)

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kvs previous year question papers for pgt

Have you applied for the KVS Recruitment 2017?? Then look at this post.Kendriya Vidyalaya Previous Years Question Papers is available now here, good news students. Students now searching for KVS PGT / TGT Previous years papers. this is really smart way to crack KVS Written test to get a govt jobs in central teacher in Kendriya Vidyalaya. We are below mentioned various years KVS old question papers in pdf. You have to download them and solve KVS PGT Previous Papers PDF

Best Books for KVS TGT, PGT & PRT Exam Preparation

The competition is going to be very tough therefore the proper selection of books is very Important. so in this article, we are providing you the collection of the best set of books for the KVS exam preparation. The detailed information for the subject wise books is given below on the basis of following considerations:

• Covers Complete syllabus. 
• Easy to learn all basic concepts. 
• High-Quality question for practice. 
• Recommended by KVS Qualified Candidates.

     

Download KVS PGT Previous Question Papers PDF – Hindi
Check KVS TGT Sample Papers PDF – English
Click here KVS PRT Previous Papers PDF – Reasoning
last Year Question Papers of KVS Exam – Aptitude
Past Year Question Papers of KVS Exam – Numerical Ability

Download Here KVS PGT Previous Year Computer Science Paper
Download here KVS PRT Previous Year Question Paper.
Download KVS PGT & TGT Complete PreviousYear Paper
Download KVS PRT Previous Year Paper
Download KVS PGT MATH PREVIOUS YEAR PAPER
Download KVS PGT Physics Previous Year Paper
Download NVS Previous Year PGT Biology Paper
Download PGT Complete Syllabus
Download TGT Paper
Download TGT English Paper
Download TGT Science Paper
Download TGT Social Science Paper
Download TGT Math Paper

Kendriya Vidyalaya PGT TGT PRT Exam Pattern

Parts	Subjects	Total Questions	Total Marks	Time Duration
Part 1	Hindi	20	20	2pm to 3pm
	English	20	20
Part 2	Reasoning & Numerical Ability	20	20
	Teaching Methodology	20	20
	Current Affairs	20	20
	Concerned Subjects	100	100

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Current affair Quiz 2015 for bank and ssc CSHL

Who has stepped down as the Secretary-General of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) in September 2015 and for how many years he occupied the post?
Answer. Randhir Singh, 24 years

 Nandan Nilekani, in September 2015 has invested in Mubble, a mobile technology startup.Mubble helps smartphone users track and control their telecom spends and their mobile data usage. He is the co-founder of which company?
Answer. Infosys

The ICC on 15th September has announced that former Sri Lanka batsman will step down from the Elite Panel of ICC Match Referees at the end of the year. name the player who will step down ?
Answer. Roshan Mahanama

 Name the bank which plans a capital infusion of about Rs.3000 crore through a combination of bonds and sale of shares to large institutional investors this year to strengthen its operations. Name the bank with its headquarter?
Answer. Syndicate Bank & Manipal

To make classical music easily accessible to smartphone users, which enterprise, has launched an app that opens up a treasure trove of over 8000 recordings. Name the app also?
Answer. Saregama India Ltd & app name is Saregama Classical

The Vice President of India, Mr. Ansari will be in delegation-level talks and sign Memorandums of Understanding in tourism and infrastructure building with which country. Also Name the PM of that country?
Answer. Cambodia,Hun Sen

Name the British author of Indian descent who is among one of six novelists shortlisted for the prestigious Man Booker Prize, 2015 and also name the novel for which he has been shortlisted?
Answer. Sunjeev Sahota And Novel is: The Year of the Runaways

Name the country which is going to unveil its long-awaited new Constitution on September 20. Name its capital also?
Answer. Nepal & Kathmandu

Name the country which has declared on 15th September that it had upgraded and restarted all of its atomic fuel plants, meaning it could possibly make more and more sophisticated nuclear weapons.
Answer. North Korea

 According to the report published by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Investigation, to which country it has called to establish a special court to try the “horrific” abuses committed by the authorities and the rebels in the last phase of their country’s civil war and name the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights as well.
Answer:Sri Lanka & Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein

Who are the authors of the below mentioned books:

a) 5 Year Old Billionaire-

b) How To Catch A Russian Spy-

c) Farewell Kabul-

d) When The Boss Is Wrong-

Answers

a) Onkar Kishan Khullar

b) Naveed Jamali and Ellis Henican

c) Christina Lamb Obe

d) Sibichen K. Mathew

 The nine-day annual Brahmotsavam of Lord Venkateswara started from 16th September. Name the state where it is happening?
Answers:Tirumala at Tirupati in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh

 The Union Cabinet gave ex post facto approval on 16th September to provide an additional of how many days of work to Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme beneficiaries during the current financial year wherever drought or natural calamities have been notified?
Answers: An additional 50 days of work

The NSCNK, which abrogated the ceasefire agreement with the government and perpetrated a string of attacks, including killing of 18 soldiers in an ambush in Manipur in June 2015, has been banned for five years on 16th September. What is the full form of NSCNK?

Answers: National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Khaplang

Vice-President Hamid Ansari on 16 September signed how many Memorandums of Understanding with Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen following a session of delegation-level talks. Also tell the Mou's signed was related to?
 MOU Signed and these are:
i) On Tourism
ii) On the Mekong-Ganga Cooperation Initiative

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has granted ‘inprinciple’ approval to how many companies to set up small finance banks. The approval given by RBI will be valid for 18 months to enable the applicants to comply with the requirements. How many applications for small finance banks was received by RBI?
Answers:10 Companies and 72 applications for small finance banks received by RBI.

Sun Pharmaceutical Industries has signed an agreement to acquire which U.S.-based eye care firm? Name the Chairman of Sun Pharmaceutical Industries.
Answers: InSite Vision and the Chairman is Israel Makov

Who won the Moin-ud-Dowla Gold Cup Trophy which was recently concluded in September 2015? Name the sport with which this trophy is associated?
India Cements & It is associated with Cricket.

Who will host the 2022 Asian Games and in which country it is located?
Answers:Hangzhou & China.

Name the player who recently book a berth for the Rio Olympics after she rewrote the National record in shot put?
Manpreet Kaur of Railways

Mobile commerce firm Paytm, plans to invest how much amount in the next two years for rolling out its payment bank services in India? Name the founder of PAYTM ?
It plan to invest upto Rs. 1500 Crores and the founder is Vijay Shekhar Sharma.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) liberalised the external commercial borrowing framework by increasing the limit for Indian companies for raising funds — with minimum average maturity of 3 years — to how much amount from $20 million?
Answer. $50 million

What is the growth rate of the manufacturing sector in the second quarter of financial year 2015-16, which was released recenty?
Answer. 9.3 per cent

 Which telecom gear-maker announced the setting up of a new unit — Industry and Society — which will focus on smart cities, the Digital India campaign and other technology projects from the government?
Answer. Ericsson

Which telecom services provider announced that it will invest Rs 60,000 crore over the next three-years to upgrade its networks with an aim to provide better quality services to its subscribers?
Answer. Bharti Airtel 

Core sector growth in the April-October period was lower at howm much percent in this fiscal year, according to the data released by the Commerce and Industry Ministry?
Answer. 2.5 per cent 

Which country has topped the list of 10 countries that has seen the highest rise in people searching for destinations in the sub-continent?
Answer. Singapore 

Which country's Prime Minister thanked Narendra Modi for his “superb” cooperation and for saving lives of many tourists during the rescue operation in earthquake-hit Nepal?
Answer. Israeli PM,Benjamin Netanyahu 

Name the President of UAE who recently stated that, his country supports humanitarian cooperation with countries facing terrorism and extremism?
Answer. Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan 

Name the World Bank Group President who recently said, "Carbon pricing is critical for reducing emissions, preserving our environment and protecting the most vulnerable?
Answer. Jim Yong Kim

 U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has welcomed the meeting of which countries on the sidelines of the Paris climate summit?
Answer. Between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Pakistani counterpart Nawaz Sharif

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Advent of Europeans in India (History for SSC)

1.) Arrival of Portuguese in India:

It was the Colonial who first discovered an immediate sea route to India. Portuguese sailor Vasco da Gama attained Calicut an important sea port upon the South-West India on May well 20, 1498 AD. Double Zamorin, the local rule received him and presented on him certain privileges. After staying in India for any period of three months Vasco da Gama returned having a rich cargo which he sold inside the European market at the exorbitant price- 60 times the money necessary for his voyage.

But soon Vasco da Gama delivered to India for your second time in 1501 AD. He set up some sort of trading factory at Cannanore. With establishment of trade backlinks, Calicut, Cannanore and Cochin emerged the significant Portuguese stores in India. Arab traders became jealous from the rise and success from the Portuguese and hence caused enmity bred between the Portuguese and the nearby king Zamorin. The hostilities grew and generated full- fledged military face- away from between them. King Zamorin was defeated from the Portuguese. With the success over Zamorin, the military superiority from the Portuguese was established.

 Rise of Portuguese power In India:

In 1505 AD, Francisco de Almeida was appointed as the first Portuguese governor throughout India. His policy being centric for you to controlling the Indian Ocean was generally known as the Blue Water Insurance policy. Alfonso de Albuquerque who replaced Almeida as the governor in 1509 AD, and captured Goa in the Sultan of Bijapur in 1510 AD is the real founder of the particular Portuguese power in India. Goa subsequently became the headquarters from the Portuguese settlements in India.

Portuguese hold over the particular coastal areas and fineness in naval power made it easier for them significantly. By the tip of the 16th centuries, the Portuguese captured not just Goa, Daman, Diu, and Salsette but also a vast stretches across the Indian coast.

Decline of Portuguese Power:

But the Portuguese go up in Indian had a shorter life as the completely new rival trading communities from Europe posed an enormous challenge to them. Struggle among various rival trading blocs ensued through which Portuguese had to give way to the more powerful and enterprising competitors progressively rendering them an atrophied thing.

Major Reasons of Diminish of Portuguese power:

Among the many reasons for the decrease of Portuguese power throughout India include Portugal currently being too small a country to maintain the huge burden of any trading colony located in the far off land, their image as infamous sea pirates created enmity inside the minds of the indigenous rulers and last but not the least Portuguese firm religious policy made them the unpopular among the Muslims together with Hindus of India. Besides the arrival of the Dutch and the British in India finally became nemesis from the Portuguese. Ironically, the Colonial, who first arrived India, were the last to withdraw from throughout 1961 AD when government entities of India recaptured Goa, Daman and Diu from them.

i. The Portuguese failed to evolve an efficient system of administration.
ii. Their religious intolerance provoked the hostility of the Indian rulers and the people.
iii. Their clandestine practises in trade went against them, one of which was the Cartaze system by which every Indian ship sailing to a destination not reserved by the Portuguese for their own trade had to buy passes from the Portuguese Viceroy to avoid seizures and confiscation of its merchandise as contraband.
iv. The discovery of Brazil drew the colonising activities of Portugal to the west.
v. The Portuguese failed to compete successfully with the other European companies.

2. ) Arrival of the Dutch:

The people regarding Holland (present Netherlands) tend to be called the Dutch. Alongside the Portuguese, the Dutch set their feet throughout India. Historically the Dutch are already experts in sea buy and sell. In 1602, the United East India Company from the Netherlands was formed and given permission from the Dutch government to trade inside the East Indies including India.

Rise of the Dutch:

In 1605, Admiral Van der Hagen established Dutch Factory at Masulipatam. Another factory was founded at Pettapoli (Nizamapatanam), Devanampatinam (Tegnapatam, called fort St. David later under the British). In 1610, upon negotiating with the King of Chandragiri, the Dutch were permitted to found another factory at Pulicat which was fortified and named as Fort Geldria. Other commodities exported by the Dutch were indigo, saltpetre and Bengal raw silk.

The credit for making Indian textiles the premier export from India goes to the Dutch. Textiles woven according to special patterns sent from Bantam and Batavia, constituted the chief export of the Coromandel ports. Indigo was exported from Masulipatam.

Apart from spice, the chief articles of import to the Coromandel were pepper and sandal­wood from the archipelago, textiles from China and copper from Japan. In 1617, the chief of Pulicat became the Governor and Pulicat was the headquarters of the Dutch in India below the Governor- General in Batavia. Negapatam on the Tanjore coast acquired from the Portuguese in 1659 super­seded Pulicat as the seat of Governor and as the strategic centre of the Coromandelin 1689.

In 1616 Pieter Van den Broecke got from the governor the permission to erect a factory at Surat. The director­ate of Surat proved to be one of the most profitable establishment of the Dutch Company.

Factories were organised at Broach, Bombay, Ahmedabad, Agra and Burhanpur. Bimlipatam (1641), Karikal (1645), Chinsura (1653) where the Dutch constructed Fort Gustavus, Kasimbazar, Baranagore, Patna, Balasore (1658) and Cochin (1663) were other important Dutch factories in India By supplanting the Portuguese, the Dutch practically maintained a monopoly of the spice trade in the East throughout the 17th Century.

Dutch Coinage:

The Dutch, throughout their stay in India, tried their on the job the minting of coinages. While their trade flourished they will established mints at Cochin, Masulipattam, Nagapatam Pondicherry along with Pulicat. Even more, Gold pagoda having an image of Lord Venkateswara, (god Vishnu) was issued at Pulicat mint. The coins issued from the Dutch were all modelled around the local coinages.

Decline of Dutch Power:

Dutch presence around the Indian subcontinent lasted from 1605 AD to 1825 AD. The rise of the British power inside the Eastern trade posed serious challenge towards the commercial interest of the Dutch resulting in bloody warfare between them through which Britishers were the clear winners as a result of huge resources at the disposal. The brutal killing regarding some English traders from the Dutch in Amboyna throughout 1623 further aggravated your situation. The Britishers one after another captured Dutch strongholds.

Rout regarding Dutch power in Malabar area:

Amidst the saga regarding Dutch -Anglo -rivalry Travancore full Marthanda Varma gave a fatal blow towards the Dutch East India Company inside the battle of Colachel in 1741 AD resulting in complete rout of Dutch power in Malabar area.

Treaties and compromise using the British:

Although the Anglo-Dutch Treaty was signed in 1814 AD which facilitated restoration regarding Dutch Coromandel and Dutch Bengal to Dutch rule nonetheless they again were returned to British regime much like the clause and the provisions from the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 AD which caused it to be binding on the Dutch to be sure all transfers of house and establishments till/on Goal 1, 1825 AD. By the middle of 1825 AD, therefore, the particular Dutch had forfeited the all trading posts throughout India.

In the ensuing compromise the well known items happened. Both the parties reached a compromise in 1667 AD by which the Britishers, on the cornerstone of give and get formula, agreed to completely withdraw from Indonesia for the Dutch who, in returning, retired from India for you to trade in Indonesia.

3. ) Danish Colonial Possessions in India:

Danish refers to something from or linked to Denmark. Denmark held colonial items in India for 225 several years. The Danish colonies throughout India included the towns of Tranquebar(Tamil Nadu)Serampore (West Bengal) and the Nicobar Islands.

Establishment regarding Danish Trade Monopoly:

It was the Dutch adventurer Marcelis de Boshouwer which provided the impetus for Danish involvement inside the Indian sub-continent. He wanted military assistance up against the Portuguese with a promise of monopoly on all trades towards the assisting party. His charm convinced Christian IV, the particular King of Denmark-Norway which subsequently issued a charter in 1616 granting the particular Danish East India Business a monopoly on buy and sell between Denmark and Japan for twelve years.

Danish Chartered Organizations:

There were two Danish chartered companies. The first company -Danish Eastern side India Company -operated between 1616 AD and 1650 AD. Danish East India Company in conjunction with Swedish East India Business imported more tea as opposed to British East India Company and smuggled the vast majority of it into England, where it sold in a huge profit. The company was dissolved in 1650 AD. The second company persisted between 1670 AD along with 1729 AD, and in 1730 AD it was re-founded as the Asiatic Business. It was granted a 40-year monopoly by way of a royal license on all Danish trade east from the Cape of Good Expect in 1732 AD. Till 1750 AD, 27 cruises from India were routed, with 22 of them survived the journey for you to Copenhagen. But the company lost its monopoly throughout 1772 AD.

Serampore Mission Press:

It is worth -mentioning of which Serampore Mission Press – some sort of historical landmark-was established at Serampore from the Danish missionaries in 1799 AD. Between 1801 AD along with 1832 AD the Serampore Mission Press printed 212, 000 replicates of books in forty different languages.

End of Danish colonies in India:

During the Napoleonic Competitions (1803 AD–1815 AD) the particular British invaded Danish shipment, and devastated the Danish Eastern side India Company's India buy and sell and ultimately captured Danish colonies, making them component of British India. The previous Danish colonial post Serampore was ceded to Britain by simply Denmark in 1845 AD.

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Amazing Human Body Facts

• The largest organ in the body is the skin.
• The liver is the largest gland and the largest internal organ in the human body.
• The brain uses over a quarter of the oxygen used by the human body.
• Our heat beats around 100000 times a day, 36500000 times a year and over a billion times if you live beyond 30.
• Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body. They are created inside the bone marrow.
• It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cell to circle the whole body.
• The biggest muscle in the body is gluteus maximus , in the buttock.
• The lungs contain over 300, 000 million capillaries. If they were laid end to end, they would stretch 2400 km.
• Every drop of blood in human body is filtered by the body over 300 times a day.
• The ovum is the largest cell in the human body.
• Adult lungs have a surface area of around 70 square meters.
• The stapes is the smallest bone in the body. It’s located in the inner ear.
• The acid in stomach is strong enough to dissolve razor blades.
• Nose and Ears continue growing throughout entire life.
• Each person has a unique tongue print just like the fingerprints.
• The longest muscle in the body is Sartorius.
• The smallest muscle in the body is Stapedius, deep in the ear. It is thinner than a thread and o.05 inches ( 0.12 centimeters ) in length.
• Enamel is hardest substance in the human body.
• All babies are color blind when they are born , they only see black & white.
• The tongue is the strongest muscle in the human body.
• It takes 17 muslce to smile and 43 to frown.
• The adult body is made up of : 100 trillion cells, 206 bones, 600 muslces and 22 internal organs.
• Bone in an adult account for 14% of the body’s total weight.
• A body born with 300 bones in their body, but as an adult we have 206 bones.
• 200 muscles used to take one step.
• The strongest bone in your body is the femur ( thighbone ) and its hollow. It is also the longest and largest bone in Human body.
• The normal pulse is 70 heartbeats per minute.
• Blood is 6 times thicker than water.
• Facial hair grows faster than any other hair on the body.
• Our kidneys filter about 1.3 liters of blood every minute & expel up to 1.4 liters of urine in a day.
• The only part of the body without blood supply is the cornea in the eye. It takes in oxygen directly from the air.
• An average human produces 10,000 gallons of saliva in a lifetime.
• The fastest growing nail is on the middle finger.
• 14 bones make up the human face.
• The human heart creates enough pressure while pumping to squirt blood to 30 feet.
• The tooth is the only part of the human body that can’t repair itself.

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Cabinet Ministers of India 2014

S.no	Portfolio	Name
Cabinet Ministers of India 2014
1	Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions; Department of Atomic Energy Department of Space; All important policy issues and all other portfolios not allocated to any Minister	Narendra Modi
2	Home Affairs	Rajnath Singh
3	External Affairs, Overseas Indian Affairs	Sushma Swaraj
4	Finance, Corporate Affairs, Information & Broadcasting	Arun Jaitley
5	Urban Development, Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Parliamentary Affairs	M. Venkaiah Naidu
6	Road Transport and Highways, Shipping	Nitin Jairam Gadkari
7	Defence	Manohar Parrikar
8	Railways	Suresh Prabhu
9	Law & Justice	D.V. Sadananda Gowda
10	Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation	Uma Bharati
11	Minority Affairs	Dr. Najma A. Heptulla
12	Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution	Ramvilas Paswan
13	Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises	Kalraj Mishra
14	Women and Child Development	Maneka Sanjay Gandhi
15	Chemicals and Fertilizers	Ananthkumar
16	Communications and Information Technology	Ravi Shankar Prasad
17	Health & Family Welfare	Jagat Prakash Nadda
18	Civil Aviation	Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati
19	Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises	Anant Geete
20	Food Processing Industries	Harsimrat Kaur Badal
21	Mines, Steel	Narendra Singh Tomar
22	Rural Development, Panchayati Raj, Drinking Water and Sanitation	Chaudhary Birender Singh
23	Tribal Affairs	Jual Oram
24	Agriculture	Radha Mohan Singh
25	Social Justice and Empowerment	Thaawar Chand Gehlot
26	Human Resource Development	Smriti Zubin Irani
27	Science and Technology, Earth Sciences	Dr. Harsh Vardhan

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