UPTET 2018 Application, Notification, Eligibility

UPTET 2018 exam schedule has been released by Uttar Pradesh Basic Education Board (UPBEB). UPTET is a state-level test, conducted by UPBEB (Uttar Pradesh Basic Education Board) for recruitment of Primary and Upper Primary Level teachers in various schools of Uttar Pradesh. UPTET 2018 Application Form begins at Upbasiceduboard.gov.in from September 18, 2018will be accepted till October 4, 2018. The exam has been scheduled on November 4 in two sessions. Here you can find top 50 question asked in child pedagogy

  1. Candidates can apply at UPTET Official Website. Candidates from general & OBC category have to pay INR 500, while candidates from SC/ST have to pay INR 300.
  2. The UPTET Admit Card for the exam will be uploaded on the official website on October 18. 
  3. The answer key for the exam will be uploaded on the official website on November 5, 2018. Candidates will be allowed to submit their objections on the answer key. 
  4. The UPTET 2018 Result will be released on November 20, 2018. Qualifying candidates will be awarded the UPTET Eligibility Certificate which is valid for 5 years.

Important Dates for UPTET 2018

  1. Notification Issued : 15/09/2018 
  2. Application Begin : 18/09/2018 
  3. Last Date for Registration : 04/10/2018 
  4. Last Date Pay Exam Fee : 05/10/2018 
  5. Last Date Complete Form : 06/10/2018 
  6. Exam Date : 04/11/2018 
  7. Admit Card Available : October 2018 
  8. Result Declared : 20/11/2018

Books for UPTET Exam 


UPTET 2018 Eligibility Criteria

UPTET has two sets of applicants - Applicants for Primary Teachers (Class 1 to 5) and Applicants for Primary Teachers (Class 6 to 8). The eligibility criteria for both sets of applicants are different.

UPTET Qualification of Primary Teachers (Class 1 to 5)

  1. Candidate must have scored a minimum of 50% marks in intermediate examination. 
  2. Candidates who have completed their graduation or those who are studying in the 2nd year of BTC/ passed in an institute affiliated to NCTE. 
  3. Candidates who have completed their graduation or those who are studying in final year of D.Ed (Specialization) in an institute recognized by RCI. 
  4. Candidates who have completed their graduation or those who are studying in the 2nd year of BTC (Urdu)/ passed in an institute affiliated to NCTE. 
  5. Candidates who have completed their graduation or those who are in final year/ passed Diploma in Teaching from Aligarh Muslim University. 
  6. For Urdu Teaching: Candidates who have completed their graduation or those who are Moa’llim-e-Urdu degree holders from Aligarh Muslim University before August 11, 1997. 
  7. Candidates who are currently studying in the final year B.EL.ED.

UPTET Qualification of Primary Teachers (Class 6 to 8)


  1. Candidate must have scored a minimum of 50% marks in intermediate examination. 
  2. Candidates who have completed their graduation or those who are studying in the 2nd year of BTC in an institute affiliated to NCTE 
  3. Candidates who have completed their graduation/ post-graduation with minimum of 50% marks or those who have passed or currently studying in 2nd year of B.Ed in an institute affiliated to NCTE. 
  4. Candidates who have completed their graduation/ post-graduation with minimum of 50% marks or those who have passed or currently studying in 2nd year of L.T. in an institute affiliated to NCTE. 
  5. Candidates who have completed their graduation/ post-graduation with minimum of 50% marks or those who have passed or currently studying in 2nd year of B.Ed (Specialization) in an institute affiliated to RCI. 
  6. Candidates who have scored 50% marks in intermediate and who are currently studying in the final year or passed B.Ed. 
  7. Candidates who are currently studying in the final year or passed B.S.C.Ed. 
  8. Candidates who are currently studying in the final year or passed B.EL.ED. 

Age

The age of the applicant must be between 18 Years and 35 Years. Candidates who belong to reserved categories would be given age relaxation as per the norms prescribed by the government.

How to Apply for UPTET 2018

It will have to be filed in online mode. 

Online Registration

    • Aspirants of UPTET must register themselves on the official website of UPBEB i.e. upbasiceduboard.gov.in. 
    • During registration Columns that are marked with ‘*’, cannot be left blank. 
    • Fill in the important details such as Name, educational qualifications, personal details and Other details asked in the online form. 
    • It is mandatory to select the district at the time of UPTET Registration from which candidate wants to appear. 
    • Applicant has to mention the photo identity proof and its ID number at the time of UPTET Registration.

UPTET 2018 Application Fee

    • Payment of fees is done after UPTET Registration. 
    • The fee has to be paid either online or offline. 
    • Online options include: SBI Internet Banking / Debit Cards / Credit Cards / internet banking facility of other banks. 
    • Offline payment can be made by taking print out of e-challan of SBI bank slip. 
    • The fee structure varies for candidates from different category.



General / OBC : 500/

SC / ST : 300/-



Uploading of Documents

Once the fee is paid, upload all the necessary documents online.
    • These documents include the recent photograph, intermediate mark sheet and proof of eligibility. 
    • Candidate seeking reservation will have to upload the required set of certificates/ documents before the closing date. 
    • After the payment of UPTET Fee, complete the TET Online Form and mention the Registration Number, Date of Birth, and Transaction ID/Journal Number (provided by bank) and submit the UPTET Form.

Printing of Application Form

    • After final submission, a computer-generated registration and password will appear on the screen. 
    • Use this registration number and password to login. 
    • Full application form will be displayed. Take the print out of the application form for future use. 
    • Candidates applying for UPTET can apply for either PGT or TGT. If any candidate wishes to apply for both the posts, then separate UPTET Application Form has to be filled.

UPTET 2018 Paper Pattern

    • UPTET 2018 will be conducted as two separate papers- Paper 1 and Paper 2. Paper 1 is conducted for candidates applying for appointment of teacher for class 1 to 5. Whereas, Paper 2 is conducted for appointment of teacher for class 6 to 8.
    • UPTET exam is conducted in offline mode.
    • Objective type multiple choice questions are asked in the exam.
    • There is no provision of negative marking in UPTET. Both the Papers have 150 questions.
    • Each question carries one mark.
    • Every question carries 4 options, out of which only 1 would be correct.

SSC Constable GD Exam 2018 PATTERN, SYLLABUS, PAPERS & BOOKS

SSC Constable GD Exam 2018 PATTERN, SYLLABUS, PAPERS & BOOKS SSC GD Recruitment Exam is the most important exam for those candidates who want a government job under police force. It is not a very difficult exam but you need a lot of practice and preparation strategy. Lakhs of candidates try their luck for this exam that make the competition very high what you need the most to ensure your success in this exam is a felicitous strategy planned to get a productive outcome on daily basis of your study plan
Here, In this post we are providing section wise preparation tips and Best Books for SSC GD exam Preparation. So, stay connected with us to get the latest updates to know how to prepare for SSC Constable GD Exam 2018.

SSC GD 2018 Exam Pattern

SSC GD 2018 Exam will be conducted in three main steps:

  1. Written examination (Computer Based)
  2. Physical Efficiency Test (PET)
  3. Physical Standard Test (PST)
The test will be objective type test constituting of 4 sections. 25 questions are to be asked each carrying 1 marks. 0.25 marks will be deducted when a question is attempted wrong.


Books for SSC Constable & Rifleman (GD) Exam 2018

       

SSC GD Preparation Tips for General Intelligence & Reasoning

  1. It is the most important section, which carries 25 marks in the exam. You should give at least 2 hours daily during SSC GD Preparation of General Intelligence & Reasoning section. 
  2.  Reasoning questions are less time consuming than quantitative aptitude question. If you make a study plan and learn short tricks with proper guidance then you can score high marks in SSC Constable GD Exam. 
  3.  You should focus more on important topics for the Preparation of SSC GD Exam which are mentioned below so that you will get more marks: – 

  •  Analogies
  •  Similarities and Differences
  •  Coding and Decoding
  •  Relationship Concepts
  •  Arithmetical Reasoning and Figural Classification
  •  Arithmetic Number Series

Preparation Tips for General Knowledge and General Awareness 

  1.  Any type of current affairs’ questions can be included in SSC GD General Awareness section. So, you should read newspapers and watch news channels to grab the current knowledge for SSC GD Preparation. 
  2.  You should make short notes so that you can revise in the last days of SSC GD Exam. 
  3.  For the SSC GD Exam Preparation for General Knowledge, some Important topics are given below: – 
  •  History
  •  Culture
  •  General Polity
  •  Indian Constitution
  •  Geography

SSC GD Written Exam Tips for Elementary Mathematics 

  1.  Elementary Mathematics needs more practice so that you can easily recognize the nature of questions. This will also increase your speed while solving questions. 
  2.  You should learn formula & short tricks while SSC GD preparation, because, you always need to save time in the SSC GD Written Exam to solve this section. 
  3.  You should make a time table to manage your time and give at least 3 hours daily for SSC GD Maths Preparation.
  • Number System
  • Percentages
  • Averages
  • Ratio and Proportions
  • Interests
  • Profit and Loss
  • Discount
  • Mensuration
  • Time and Distance
  • Time and Work
  • Fundamental Arithematic Operations 

SSC GD Preparation Tips for English

  1.  For the preparation of SSC GD English section, you should read English newspapers, watch English channels or movies with sub titles to improve your reading, speaking, and understanding skills.
  2.  Solve SSC GD English mock test papers in given time limits. 
  3.  You must learn at least one new word daily. 
  4.  The focus should be more on selected topics, which are given below: 
  •  Spot the Error
  •  Synonyms/Homonyms
  •  Antonyms
  •  Idioms & Phrases
  •  Passage
  •  Spellings/Detecting Mis-spelt words

What is the best way to prepare for government Jobs

If you have a will to prepare government job. Then with proper planing, You can get successful result. To get a government job is not a child’s play anymore. Hard work is the key to get a government job. Professional coaching helps you to get 20 - 30 additional marks, this can make a huge difference – because the competition is very high and every additional mark is a value.

Getting a Government job is difficult task to accomplish. But this article makes it easy ! Here, you will get tips to get your dream job !

Follow the tips which is given below.

Tips for preparing government jobs

  1. understanding the selection procedure
  2. Evaluating the syllabus
  3. Designing of preparation strategy.
  4. Preparing an Goal Based timeline.
  5. Gathering preparation material.
  6. preparing revision notes.
  7. Mock test and previous Year Paper.
  8. Self Belief and Motivation.
  9. During preparation Don’t target any particular exam, cover the all subjects and level of questions for 3–4 government exam.If you stick to particular exam and read the stuff related to only 1 exam and suppose you missed that then you will loose others as well.
  10. Apart from that try to practice more and more test series in home as well with 2Hrs. time as happen in exam hall. And test your answer like how many questions you are able to cover in 2Hr. Or 3Hr. exam. Accordingly to improve yourself.
  11. If you have remember something like Vocabulary and formula then write down those in separate sheet and read it first in morning.
  12. Set your target/goal and paste it on wall so you will be self motivated to complete all thing on time before exam dates.

Important Battles Fought in India - Indian history


Battle of Kalinga 261 B.C.-

  1. The Kalinga War was fought in what is now India between the Maurya Empire under Ashoka and the state of Kalinga
  2. Kalinga is an ancient name of coastal Orissa.

Battle of Tarain or Thaneswar

The Battles of Tarain, also known as the Battles of Taraori, were fought in 1191 and 1192 near the town of Tarain (Taraori), near Thanesar in present-day Haryana, approximately 150 kilometres north of Delhi, India, between a Ghurid force led by Mu'izz al-Din or Mohd. Ghori and a Chauhan Rajput army led by Prithviraj Chauhan.
  1. First Battle - 1191 Prithvi Raj Chauhan defeated Mohammed Ghori.
  2. Second Battle - 1192 Mohammed Ghori defeated Prithvi Raj Chauhan.
  3. The third battle of Tarain -1216 Shamshuddin Iltutmish (1211-1236), the king of the Mamluk dynasty, also known as Slave dynasty, captured Taj al-Din Yildiz in a battle at Tarain and then executed him at Budaun in the same year.

First Battle of Panipat

The First Battle of Panipat, on 21 April 1526, was fought between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi Kingdom. It took place in north India and marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire. This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowder firearms and field artillery in the Indian subcontinent which were introduced by Mughals in this battle.Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi.

Battle of Khanwah - 1527
  • The Battle of Khanwa was fought between the invading forces of the first Mughal Emperor Babur and the Rajput forces led by Rana Sanga of Mewar, after the Battle of Panipat.
Battle of Chanderi  - 1528
  • Upon reaching Chanderi, on January 20, 1528, Babur offered Shamsabad to Medini Rao in exchange for Chanderi as a peace overture, but the offer was rejected by Rao. The outer fortress of Chanderi was taken by Babur's army at night, and the next morning the upper fort was captured. Babur himself expressed surprise that the upper fort had fallen within an hour of the final assault.
  • Medini Rai organized the Jauhar ceremony during which women and children within the fortress were killed.A small number of soldiers also collected in Medini Rao's house and proceeded to slay each other in collective suicide.
Battle of Ghaghra - 1529
  • The Battle of Ghaghra, fought in 1529, was a major battle for the conquest of India by the Mughal Empire.
Battle of Chausa  - 1539
  • The Battle of Chausa was a notable military engagement between the Mughal emperor, Humayun, and the Afghan, Sher Shah Suri. It was fought on 26 June 1539 at Chausa, 10 miles southwest of Buxar in modern-day Bihar, India. Sher Shah was victorious and crowned himself FarÄ«d al-DÄ«n ShÄ“r Shah
Battle of Kannauj - 1540
  • This battle was fought in 1540. Both sides consolidated their forces. Both the armies met at Kannauj. This battle ended the Mughal Empire. In the battle of Kannauj the Afghan soliders were able to run away the Mughal army.
Battle of Tughlaqabad (Battle of Delhi) - 1556
  • The Battle of Tughlaqabad was a notable battle fought between Hemu, the general and chief minister of Adil Shah Suri, and the forces of the Mughal led by Tardi Beg Khan at Tughlaqabad near Delhi.
  • The battle ended in a decisive victory for Hemu who took possession of Delhi and claimed royal status, assuming the title of "Raja Vikramaditya"
Second Battle of Panipat - 1556
  • The Second Battle of Panipat was fought on November 5, 1556, between the forces of Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the Hindu king at Delhi and forces of Muslim invader Akbar.
Battle of Talikota - 1565
  • United alliance between Bijapur, Bidar, Ahmednagar and Golkonda under Hussain Nizam Shah defeated Ram Raja of Vijayanagar.
  • It destroyed the Hindu Kingdom of Vijayanagar.
Name of Battle Date Place Winner Loser Effect
Battle of Tarain 1191 Tarain

Prithvi Raj of Chauhan Dynasty

Muhammad of Ghor
-
Second Battle of Tarain 1192 Tarain

Muhammad of Ghor

Prithvi Raj of Chauhan Dynasty
Mohammad got the opportunity to enter Indian lands.
Battle of Chandawar 1194 Chandawar

Muhammad of Ghor
Jaichandra, King of Kanauj Mohammad further extended his empire in India by defeating a large kingdom.
Battle of Panipat (11-April-1526) Panipat

Babur

Sultan Ibrahim Lodhi
By this victory Babur got opportunity to expand his small principality into big empire
Battle of Khanwa 17-March-1527 Khanwa

Babur

Rajputs under Rana Sanga
Battle of Chanderi (1528) Chanderi

Babur
Medini Rai of Chanderi -
Battle of Ghagra or Gogara (6-May-1529) Ghagra

Babur
Afghans Afghans are defeated
Battle of Chausa (7-June-1539) Chausa

Shershah

Humayun
-
Battle of Kanauj (17-May-1540) Kanauj

Shershah

Humayun
Agra was occupied by Sher shah
Battle for Tughlaqabad (1556) 7 October 1556 Tughlaqabad Fort Area - Delhi

Hemu

Akbar
Hemu defeated the forces of Akbar and got title 'Vikramaditya', of North India.
Second Battle of Panipat (5-November-1556) Panipat

Akbar

Hemu
Akbar reoccupied Delhi.
Battle of Bannihatti or Tallikota (23-January-1565) Tallikota Ali adilshah and four others Aliya Rama Raya Vijayanagara empire starts declining
Battle of Haldighati (1576) Haldighati Raja Man Singh(General of Mughal emperor Akbar) Rana Pratap Singh of Mewar
First Carnatic (1745–48) Carnatic region of South India

French East India Company

British East India Company
Second Carnatic War (1749–54) Carnatic region of South India

British East India Company

French East India Company
French loss their expanding opportunities. Continued as trading community in India.
Third Carnatic War (1756–63) Carnatic region of South India

British East India Company

French East India Company
-
Battle of Plassey (June-1757) Plassey

British under Clive

Siraj ud-Daulah
British win a major battle in India and later they ruled India.
Battle of Buxar (1764) Buxar

Sir Hector Munro commander of British forces

Shuja-ud-Daula

Nawab Mir Qasim

Shah Alam II, 1790s

Biology Questions for Railway & SSC CGL Exam 2018


Railway Board offers opulent and revered job posts to its aspirants. And it is not every year that we get the notification from Railway offering a good number of vacant seats to the multitude aspirants. But the current year 2018 brought a pleasant surprise with almost 90,000 seats to be filled by the valid candidates. Opportunity is here but you have to welcome it with a provident strategy. 


Q1.Peeling of onions causes tears as onions release-
 (a) Sulphonic acid 
(b) Sulfenic acid
(c) Amino acid 
(d) Carbolic acid 
Ans.(b)
Sol. Peeling, cutting or crushing an onion’s tissue releases enzymes called allinases which convert these molecules to sulfenic acids. The sulfenic acid in turn, spontaneously rearranges to form syn-propanethial-s-oxide, the chemical that triggers the tears.

Q2.Pungency in chillies is due to the presence of

(a) Lycopene
(b) Capsaicin
(c) Carotene
(d) Anthocyanin
Ans.(b)
Sol. Chillies are valued principally for their high pungency and colour. Pungency in chillies is due to the active constituent “Capsaicin” an alkaloid which is extracted from chillies and is used to the medicine. The molecular formula of Capsaicin is C18H27NO3.

Q3.Rearing silk worms is known as- 
(a) Apiculture
(b) Horticulture
(c) Sericulture
(d) Floriculture
Ans.(c)
Sol. Apiculture – Rearing bees
Horticulture –  Study of fruit and flower producing plants
Sericulture –   Rearing silk worm.
Floriculture –  Study of flowers for decoration work.

Q4.Silkworm grows on

(a) Reetha leaves 
(b) Ficus leaves 
(c) Peach leaves 
(d) Mulberry leaves
Ans.(d)
The silkworm is the larva or caterpillar of the domesticated silkmoth, Bombyx mori. It is an economically important insect, being a primary producer of silk. It grows on leaves of the mulberry tree.

Q5. Which one of the following is a plant hormone? 


(a) Insulin
(b) Thyroxine
(c) Estrogen
(d) Cytokinin
Ans.(d)
The plant hormones are generally classified into five groups, These are :
(i) Abscisic acid 
(ii) Auxins
(iii) Cytokinins 
(iv) Ethylene
(v) Gibberellins

Q6. Quinine, used to treat malaria is obtained from which plant’s part?


(a) Leaf
(b) Root
(c) bark
(d) Flower
Ans.(c)
Quinine was first isolated in 1820 from the bark of a cinchona tree. Bark extracts have been used to treat malaria since at least 1632.

Q7. Plants adapted to dry climate are known as
(a) Epiphyt
(b) Xerophyte
(c) Hydrophytes
(d) Mean plants
Ans.(b)
xerophyte is a species of plant that has adapted to survive in a dry environment. Opuntia, madar, Nerium are the major plants of this type.

Q8. Plants which grow on saline soils are

(a) Xerophytes
(b) Hydrophytes
(c) Halophytes
(d) Succulents
Ans.(c)
Hydrophytes or aquatic plants are plants that have adapted to live in an aquatic environment (saltwater or freshwater). They are also referred as macrophytes. These plants require special adaptations for living submerged in water or at the water’s surface. Plants growing on saline soils or water are called halophytes.

Q9. A hydrophyte is

(a) A marine animal
(b) An aquatic plant
(c) A plant disease
(d) A rootless plant
Ans.(b)
Hydrophytes or an equatic plants are plants, that have adapted to live in an aquatic environment (salt water or fresh water). They are also referred as macrophytes.

Q10. Which of the following is not correctly matched

(a) Autotroph : producer
(b) Haterotroph: Consumer
(c) Saprotroph: Decomposer
(d) Herbivore: Secondary Consumer
Show Answer
Ans.(d)
Auttotrophs are the producers in a food chain such as plants on land or algae in water, in contrast to heterotrophs as consumers of autotrophs. Saprotroph, a term used for organisms which obtain nutrients from dead organic matter (this term commonly applies to fungi). A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material (for example foliage) for the main component of its diet. More generally, herbivores feed on autotrophs and are known as primary consumers. Thus option (d) is not correctly matched.

Q11. Trophic level-I includes:

(a) Herbivorous animals
(b) Carnivorous animals
(c) Omnivorous animals
(d) Green plants
Ans.(d)
Trophic level-I includes all autotrophs which synthesize their food by themselves. All green plants belong to this trophic level. Organisms of trophic level-I usually utilize the radiant energy of the sun to synthesize their oganic molecules.

Q12. Fishers survive under the frozen lake, because

(a) Fishes have hot blood
(b) Fishes are in hibernation under it
(c) Water does not freeze near bottom
(d) Ice is the conductor of heat.
Show Answer
Ans.(c)
Lakes and rivers are frozen when the outer temperature decrease below the freezing point in winters. But only the upper layer freezes in the condition. Water remains in liquid form below the upper layer. So fishes and other aquatic creatures can survive even in frozen lake.

Q13. After bringing out of water fishes die because

(a) They get excess quantity of oxygen
(b) Their body temperature increases
(c) They cannot breathe
(d) They can not move in water
Ans.(c)
Fish use gills to breath and gills can only bring in oxygen when moist. Out of water, a fish’s gills dries out and then the fish dies.

Q14. Redness in apple is due to

(a) Anthocyanin
(b) Lycopene
(c) Carotene
(d) Xanthophyll
Ans.(a)
 Anthocyanins are the pigment compounds and responsible for red, purple and blue colours in many fruits and vegetables. Lycopene pigment is in red colour like tomato, carotene in carrot and xanthophyll pigment present in beetroot.

Q15. Red colour in tomato is due to

(a) Capsaicin
(b) Carotenoid
(c) Xanthophyll
(d) None of the above
Ans.(b)
carotenoid is responsible for the redness of tomato.


JVVNL Recruitment 2018 – 2433 Technical Helper Posts

 JVVNL Recruitment 2018 – 2433 Technical Helper Posts
Jaipur Vidyut Vitaran Nigam Limited (JVVNL) has published employment notification for the recruitment of Technical Helper .2433 Technical Helper Vacancies number is mentioned in this RVVNL Recruitment notification Candidates who are interested in the Recruitment details and fulfill all eligibility criteria can read the Notification & Apply Online.



Eligibility Criteria for JVVNL Technical Helper Jobs 2018

Essential Qualification

Candidates should have passed 12th Pass & Degree/ Diploma in the Technical field (ITI) from a Recognized university

Age Limit

Minimum: 18 Years
Maximum: 36 Years

Selection Process

Written Exam
Interview

Application Fee

General/OBC: Rs.800/-
SC/ST: Rs.550/-.

How to Apply for JVVNL Latest Recruitment 2018

  • First of all visit official website energy.rajasthan.gov.in
  • Click on career section.
  • Look around for “JVVNL Recruitment 2018 for Technical Helper Posts“.
  • Fill application form.
  • Pay the application fee.
  • Click on submit button for final submission.
  • Save and take print out for future use.

Important Dates for JVVNL Technical Helper Recruitment 2018

Starting Date of Application Form: 02-07-2018
Closing Date of submission of Application: 23-07-2018

Books for SSC CGL 2018 | Subject-wise List of Books

SSC CGL is one of the most examination in India. Clearing  the examination can be really challenging if not use the right book and resources. Preparation with the right books will always helpfull . Most importantly, it saves a lot of time which can be used elsewhere. We understand your needs and so we provide List of books for all the subjects from relevant Tiers. You need to refer these listed books to increase the efficiency of your preparation.

Written examination consists of Objective Type - Multiple choice questions only. It comprises of 4 Parts. The questions will be set both in English & Hindi for Part II, III & IV. There will be negative marking of 0.50 marks for each wrong answer.

Part I: English Language (Basic Knowledge) | 25 Questions | 50 Marks


Part II: General Intelligence | 25 Questions | 50 Marks

Part III: Quantitative Aptitude (Basic Arithmetic Skill) | 25 Questions | 50 Marks

Part IV: General Awareness | 25 Questions | 50 Marks

The Marathas :History Notes


Shivaji


1.Shivaji belonged to Bhonsle Clan.
2.Guru Ramdas was his political Guru.
3.His coronation was held at Raigarh in 1674. His kingdom was called Swaraj.
4.He adopted the titles of Chhatrapati, HaindavaDharmodharak& Kshatriya Kulavatamsa.
5.He had confrontation with Afzal Khan of Bijapur in 1659.
6.He also had confrontation with Shayista Khan in 1660.
7.He sacked Surat in 1664 again in 1670.
8.Died in 1680.


The Ashtapradhan (Ministers)

Peshwa / Mukhiya Pradhan -Prime Minister, General administration both civil and military.
Sar-i-Naubat                         -Chief of armed forces
Majumdar/ Amatya                -Finance , Revenue , Accounts
Sachiv/Surunavis/Chitnis -Royal Correspondence
Dabir/Sumant                         -Foreign Affiars/ Royal ceremonies
Mantri/Waqla-Nawis/Wakins -Incharge of records, intelligence and looked after king’s private affairs.
NayayadhishPandit Rao         -Justice Religious affairs and Charities

THE PESHAWAS

1. BalajiViswanath         1713-20
2. Baji Rao I                   1720-40
3. BalajiBaji Rao            1740-61
4. Mahadev Rao             1761-72
5. Narayan Rao              1772-73
6. Swami Madhav Rao   1773-95
7. Baji Rao Ji                 1795-1818

Maratha Families and Their Headquarters

1. Pashwa                 Poona
2. Scindia                 Gwalior (Initially Ujjain)
3. Gaekwad             Baroda
4. Bhonsle                Nagpur
5. Holker                 Indore
6. Pawar                 Dhar

Maratha Confederacy

BalajiViswanath
1.The first Peshwa, in 1713.
2.Induced Zulfiquar Khan to pay Chauth and Sardeshmukhi of Deccan.
3.Helped the Sayyid brothers to overthrow Farruksiyar
4.Introduced Saranjami System

Baji Rao I
1.The greatest exponent of Guerrilla tactics after Shivaji
2.Worsted Nizam-ul-Mulk twice.
3.Compaigned against the Portuguese-captured Salsette&Bassein
4.Compaigned against the Sidis of Janjira
5.Propounded concept of Hindu Pad Padshahi, Real architect of Maratha Empire.

BalajiBaji Rao (Nana Sahib)
1.Maratha families came into prominence.
2.By the will of the king Shahu the Peshwa became the official head.
3.Capital was shifted to Poona from Satara.
4.Invaded Bengal repeatedly – gained Orissa.
5.Helped Imad-ul-mulk to become Wazir.
6.Invasion of Ahmed Shah Abdali – Battle of Panipat 1761 – the nominal head of the Maratha army was Viswas Rao and the actual commander was Sadasiva Rao Bhao (killed in the battle). Artillery was under the command of Ibrahim Gardi.

Madhav Rao
1.Defeated Haider Ali.
2.Brought back the Mughal Emperor Shah and became their Pensioner.
Narayan Rao
1.Conflict for power with Raghunath Rao.
2.Raghunath Rao tried to capture power with the British help.
3.First Anglo-Maratha war.

Baji Rao II
1.Son of Raghunath Rao.
2.MahadjiSchindia rose to prominence. He established control over Shah Alam and secured the appointment of Peshwas as the emperor’s deputy.

History Notes: 1857 Revolt


General facts-
PM of England – Palmerston
Governor general – Lord Canning of India
Emperor of India – Bahadur Sah Jafar
Commander of Britishers –Campbell


REASONS OF REVOLT
A. Reason between 1757 – 1857
Wellesely – Treaty of Subsidiary Alliance
Dallousive – Doctrine of lapse
Revenue System- Exploitation of Peasents
Education  → Modernity → Analysis
Indian Industries → closed
Rural Industries → closed
Conversion into Christan
Social interference → Sati, Slave, widow remarriage Act.
Sepoy dissatisfaction

B. Immediate Cause
Use of rifle,  cartridges of this rifle were made from cow and pig fat.



Nature of Revolt

Lorentz & Seele  :  Sepoy movement

Reege               : Revolt against Christianity
Homes                : A war between cirilisation and anarchasim
Taylor                 : Hindu – Muslim conspiracy
Disraeli                 : National movement
R. C. majumdar : Neither first nor national and freedom struggle
V. D. Sawarkar : First war of Independence